Wang S, et al. - Given primary squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare malignancy in the thyroid gland (SCCTh), with poor overall prognosis, researchers investigated the application of Raman spectroscopy in examining the expression of CK5/6 and P63 in SCCTh. From a patient having pathology-verified SCCTh, they obtained tissues of the SCCTh and adjacent normal thyroid, as well as blood serum. Using the tissue of the SCCTh, they performed whole genome sequencing analysis. They analyzed tissues of the SCCTh as well as adjacent normal thyroid for expressions of keratins and TP53 family gene, using the Raman spectroscopy. The tissues of SCCTh exhibited mutation of the TP53 gene (42%), in the whole genome sequencing analysis. The tissues of SCCTh vs that in the adjacent normal thyroid displayed higher expression of keratins and TP53 family gene, in the Raman spectra analyses. Overall, findings revealed distinct expressions of the keratins and TP53 in the tissues of SCCTh and adjacent normal thyroid, and the Raman spectra analyses could enable the identification of the difference with high sensitivity.