Zheng H, et al. – Researchers here described the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age residing in areas of China that are highly endemic for chronic HBV, and provide evidence useful for decision–makers to guide strategies for preventing mother–to–child transmission of HBV, and assess the impact of perinatal transmission PMTCT by projecting HBsAg prevalence trends without interventions. Findings revealed a high prevalence of chronic HBV infection among reproductive women in these highly endemic provinces, posing a threat to maternal health and risk of mother–to–child transmission. This highlighted the critical importance of prevention of mother–to–child transmission.