Fernandez-Botran R, Vega AR, García Y, et al. - In this study performed on 39 HIV-seropositive and 34 HIV-seronegative people without COPD, researchers looked for the proof of potentially predisposing abnormal pulmonary cytokine/chemokine environment in HIV-positive patients without COPD, and determined the link between pulmonary and systemic cytokine levels. From all participants, measurements of the levels of 21 cytokines and chemokines were obtained by analyzing plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, using a bead-based multi-analyte assay. They found that HIV-infected patients exhibited a systemic pro-inflammatory state, but cytokine levels and other inflammatory markers did not differ significantly in the lungs of HIV-positive individuals vs HIV-negative controls.