Firouzian A, Gholipour Baradari A, Ehteshami S, et al. - Whether single ultra–low-dose intrathecal (IT) naloxone in combination with IT morphine can afford a safe as well as an effective option for decreasing pain intensity, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy with spinal fusion, was investigated in this double-blind trial. The regimens tested in this patient population were: single ultra–low-dose IT naloxone (20 μg) and IT morphine (0.2 mg) (group M+N) or IT morphine (0.2 mg) alone (group M). At the end of the study, there were 77 patients. Decreased pain score and the scores of pruritus and nausea were observed in relation to IT naloxone administration vs IT morphine alone, following adjustment for body mass index and surgery duration. No serious adverse effects were documented. These findings imply that excellent postoperative pain management, as well as effective control of pruritus and nausea in this patient population, can be achieved with the addition of ultra–low-dose IT naloxone to IT morphine.