Sussell J, Silverstein AR, Goutam P, et al. - Researchers sought to ascertain the population-wide economic burden of kidney graft failure via comparing outcomes from a simulation model of kidney transplant patients in which patients are at risk for graft failure with an alternative simulation in which the risk of graft failure is supposed to be zero. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 1987 to 2017 was used to estimate the transitions through the model. As per estimates, additional medical costs of $78 079 (95% confidence interval [CI] $41,074, $112,409) and a loss of 1.66 QALYs (95% CI 1.15, 2.18) are incurred by graft failure in an average patient. In 2017, 17,644 kidney transplants were performed; graft failure was linked with the total incremental lifetime medical costs of $1.38B (95% CI $725M, $1.98B) and the total QALY loss of 29,289 (95% CI 20 291, 38,464). Findings highlight the urgent necessity for efforts to decrease the incidence of graft failure or to mitigate its impact.