Si J, et al. - Via retrospectively recruiting 106 patients (mean age was 61.6 ± 13.2 years) in the north of China with small vessel disease (SVD) and 115 controls, researchers examined if 25(OH) D levels and the predictors of SVD were linked. All subjects were classified into vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12–20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (> 20 ng/ml) subgroups. According to this case-control study, significant associations were found between SVD and 25(OH)D deficiency. It was noted that hypertension combined with vitamin D deficiency increased the likelihood of developing SVD. Male sex, a stroke history, being a smoker, having hyperlipidemia, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and lower of 25(OH)D level correlated with having SVD. The odds ratio of SVD in deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D group were 5.609 and 1.077 vs the sufficient group, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders.