Vander Wyst KB, et al. - Through the systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) from its inception through April 2017, researchers assessed the combined effects of sleep (eg, sleep duration and night awakenings) and diet (eg, 24-hour diet recall and breastfeeding duration) on adiposity (eg, body mass index z-score and weight-for-length) in infants, toddlers and young children. Articles synthesis suggests that when targeted simultaneously within interventions, the relationship between sleep and diet may be interactive and their effects may be additive in their impact. Findings revealed that there remains a substantial gap in the literature without considering the interaction effects among interest variables. In future longitudinal research, both diet and sleep must be evaluated simultaneously and repetitively.