Soltani S, et al. - Performing this narrative review, researchers studied the existing literature on the co-occurrence of pediatric chronic pain and depressive disorders and symptoms. In addition, they attempted to offer a conceptual model of mutual maintenance to guide future research. Examining literature from both fields of pediatric pain and developmental psychology, evidence for a number of proposed child, parent, and neurobiological factors that may serve to mutually maintain both conditions over time was provided. Findings revealed that depression is prevalent with pediatric chronic pain and that both conditions co-occur. Neurobiological, intrapersonal (eg, cognitive biases, sleep disturbances, emotion regulation, and behavioral inactivation), and interpersonal (eg, parent mental health and pain, genes, and parenting) factors were the key mutually maintaining factors identified and proposed. This review and conceptual model could drive future research in this area as the research on mutual maintenance in this area is lacking.