Chandra A, Seidelmann SB, Claggett BL, et al. - Among Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants, researchers examined long-term relationships of retinal vessel calibers with incident heart failure (HF) in those with and without prevalent macrovascular disease, as well as their link with cardiac structure and function. Participants had undergone retinal photography between 1993 and 1995 and were followed until the end of 2013 for HF outcomes. Larger left ventricular size, greater prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and worse measures of diastolic and systolic function were found in relation to central retinal venular equivalent widening and central retinal arteriolar equivalent narrowing, after adjustment for age, gender, and race. According to the findings, incident HF and adverse cardiac structure/function 18 years in the future can be predicted by a simple, non-invasive test ie, retinal vessel caliber imaging, which characterizes retinal microvasculature.