Tai YH, Wu HL, Mandell MS, et al. - Controversy remains concerning the role of allogenic blood transfusion in recurrence of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because of conflicting evidence due to insufficient sample sizes in prior studies and a failure to measure how important confounders impact results, so researchers here used robust statistics and weighted covariates in a large study cohort to overcome these limitations. Using Cox regression analyses, the recurrence and survival were determined in patients with NSCLC disease stages I through III who were transfused for a hemoglobin level less than 8.0 g/dL within 7 days of surgical resection. Of 1,803 patients, transfusions were received by 209 (11.6%). Risk of disease recurrence and early mortality following surgical resection was noted to be higher for NSCLC patients who receive blood transfusion, supporting the use of clinical strategies to decrease exposure.