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The anterior limited approach of the elbow for the treatment of capitellum and trochlea fractures. Surgical technique and clinical experience in 8 cases

Injury Feb 15, 2020

Ballesteros-Betancourt JR, García-Tarriño R, García-Elvira R, et al. - As the Kocher lateral approach may be inadequate for the correct visualization, reduction, and fixation of coronal fractures of the distal part of the humerus that involve the capitellum and the trochlea, researchers here presented an alternative to Henry anterior approach, bypassing the major vasculo-nervous structures of the anterior surface of the elbow. Eight patients [mean age: 66 years (range, 53-76)], who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation for capitellar and trochlear fractures through the anterior limited approach to the elbow (ALAE), were assessed for the functional outcome. During surgery, the position of the limb in extension promotes the reduction of the articular fragments in fractures of the distal humerus. Through an anterior approach, the definitive implants were placed in a plane perpendicular to the fracture from anterior to posterior. The anterior approach of the elbow may allow treating associated injuries (fracture of the coronoid process and the head of the radius). Better outcomes were achieved in patients with isolated capitellar fractures vs those with trochlear involvement. At a median of 33 months (range, 24-60), the patients exhibited a favorable clinical evolution, with an average of motion of 10-138 degrees. With no signs of osteonecrosis, radiological consolidation was reported in all the patients. The results seemed not worsening in the presence of associated fractures. Based on outcomes, the ALAE is supported to be a technical option that could be considered for the open surgical treatment of a capitellar fracture with or without the involvement of the trochlea.
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