Jiang K, et al. - The safety and effectiveness of “all-seeing needle” optical puncture system micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (micro-PCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) in the treatment of lower calyceal stones of ≤ 2 cm were compared herein. Experts also determined the advantages and disadvantages of “all-seeing needle” micro-PCNL and FURS. Compared to FURS, “all-seeing needle” micro-PCNL group demonstrated shorter operative time for treating lower calyceal stones of ≤ 2 cm. With respect to mean hemoglobin reduction, complications, LOS and SFR, no significant differences between the two groups were noted.