Sambursky JA, et al. - As more than 90% of anal cancers are caused by human papillomavirus, and human papillomavirus strains 16 and 18 are the most oncogenic, researchers investigated the predictive value of human papillomavirus 16 and/or 18 testing for the presence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Outcomes revealed achievement of enhanced specificity and positive predictive value using high-risk human papillomavirus strains 16/18 testing over cytology for anal dysplasia screening. A high risk for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was thus evident for patients testing positive for strains 16/18. Hence, they recommend performing high-resolution anoscopy among the high-risk patients regardless of the cytology result.