de Fine Licht S, Rugbjerg K, Andersen EW, et al. - Among female childhood cancer survivors, the potential birth deficit as well as the probability of live births was estimated in this study. From 5 Nordic cancer registries, a total of 8886 women were selected in whom a childhood cancer had been diagnosed during 1954 through 2006. From the central population registries, 62,903 women matched by age and country were selected as a comparison cohort. A lower probability of a live birth was found in female childhood cancer survivors in comparison with women in the general population, although a probability close to that of the general population was observed in survivors diagnosed after 1989. Since there are differences in the pattern of live births on the basis of cancer type, it is necessary to make continuous efforts to preserve fertility, counsel survivors, as well as to refer them rapidly to fertility treatment if required.