Kaur KP, Chaudry MS, Fosbøl EL, et al. - Temporal changes in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and infective diseases were examined among chronic dialysis patients across more than 2 decades.

• Researchers identified all patients that initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) between 1996 and 2017 and followed them up until outcome (CVD, pneumonia, infective endocarditis (IE) or sepsis), recovery of kidney function, end of dialysis treatment, death or end of study (December 31, 2017).

• An increase in the median age was observed across the calendar periods from 65 [57–73] in 1996–2000 to 69 [55–76] in 2014–2017 on analyzing a total of 4,285 patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)(63.7% males).

• On analyzing 9,952 patients with HD (69.2% males), no change in the overall median age of 71 [61–78] appeared over time.

• Across the two last decades, HD and PD patients had a decreasing trend in the RR of CVD, while there was a significant increase in RR of pneumonia, both in PD and in HD.

• Across the last decades, there were upward temporal trends of IE in HD, and particularly of sepsis in PD.