Jiang P, et al. - Comparision of the efficacy of targeted prophylaxis (TP) to augmented empirical prophylaxis (AEP) and single-agent empirical prophylaxis (SAEP) in preventing sepsis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) was performed in this study. Statistical superiority of AEP to SAEP and TP was demonstrated in the results. Despite being given a prophylactic antibiotic to which the sepsis-causing bacteria were sensitive, a significant number of patients developed sepsis.