Jain P, et al. - Using both direct and indirect evidence from the literature, the researchers assessed the effectiveness of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) vs selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) on seizure-free outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. For this analysis, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were explored for original research articles and systematic reviews comparing ATL vs SAH, and ATL or SAH vs medical management (MM). Followed by a random-effect Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) combining direct and indirect evidence direct pairwise meta-analyses were conducted. They included 28 articles in this investigation. It was observed in the findings that direct evidence, indirect evidence and NMA did not identify a difference in the seizure-free outcome of ATL vs SAH.