Mina R, et al. - Investigators assessed 38 candidates to estimate the survival outcomes of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) who were diagnosed between October 2005 and July 2016 (registered in the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University database). All individuals were given a bortezomib-based induction regimen, and 92% received both bortezomib and an immunomodulatory drug (thalidomide or lenalidomide); 74% of subjects underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and 61% received maintenance therapy. They recorded a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 20 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 33 months. Prolonged OS and PFS were also observed in maintenance therapy after ASCT. The use of regimens combining novel agents in the upfront treatment of patients with pPCL was supported as was the role of ASCT and maintenance therapy for long-term disease control.