Hosoda K, Fukushima K, Shimizu A, et al. - Good tolerability of gemcitabine plus S-1 (GS) chemotherapy after curative surgery as well as its efficacy in decreasing biliary tract cancer (BTC) recurrence was evident and it was shown to confer better clinical benefit in the adjuvant setting.

• This study included 225 BTC patients who had surgical resection; 27 received adjuvant chemotherapy with GS (GS group), whereas 67 had surgery alone (S group).

• Propensity score (PS) matching was applied to derive 23 matching pairs.

• 12 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (70 mg/m ² oral S-1 for 7 consecutive days plus intravenous gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ² on day 7) were administered to patients.

• Completion rate was 81.5%; there occurred no treatment-related death.

• Occurrence of grade 3/4 adverse events in 40.7% of the patients was noted.

• The GS group had significantly better recurrence-free survival and overall survival vs the S group among PS-matched pairs.