Shang X, Li Z, Sun J, et al. - By using data from OAK and POPLAR clinical trials, researchers investigated how undergoing treatment with atezolizumab and docetaxel impacts prognosis in patients suffering from non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring STK11 or KEAP1 (STK11/KEAP1) mutations. Compared to squamous lung cancer, most STK11/KEAP1 mutations (7.33 %/10.76 %) were found in non-squamous NSCLC. The occurrence of only 1.56 % STK11 mutation or 3.13 % KEAP1 mutation was evident in EGFR mutant non-squamous NSCLC. Higher blood-based tumor mutational burden was detected in cases with STK11/KEAP1 mutations vs wild type. In univariate and multivariate analyses, STK11/KEAP1 mutations were identified as independent and significant prognostic factors for both overall survival as well as progression-free survival. Findings revealed that both atezolizumab and docetaxel may not confer more benefit in non-squamous NSCLC patients with STK11/KEAP1 mutations vs wild type. However, a better response to atezolizumab than docetaxel may be seen in cases with KEAP1 mutations and without STK11 mutations.