Sato S, et al. - In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), researchers assessed the surgical outcomes of repeated lung cancer surgery. They analyzed data for 13 IPF patients who had repeated surgery for lung cancer. They reported a high incidence of acute exacerbation (AE), despite limited resection. The high risk of AE of IPF and lung cancer recurrence accounted for the poor early as well as long-term outcomes of repeated surgery in lung cancer patients with IPF. A possible correlation between the rate of percent vital capacity and the incidence of AE was suggested. These findings showed that surgical intervention for multiple primary lung cancers might be contraindicated in patients with IPF.