Vicentini C, Politano G, Corcione S, et al. - Given that in Europe, Italy is one of the largest consumers of broad-spectrum agents (BSAs), researchers investigated for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) compliance with the Italian national guidelines. In addition, they sought how the compliance influenced surgical site infection (SSI) risk. In this prospective study conducted in 42 hospitals participating in the national surveillance system for SSIs, they included 24,861 surgical procedures monitored between 2012 and 2017. As per outcomes, appropriate narrow-spectrum agents vs BSAs seemed more effective in preventing SSIs. They emphasize implementing interventions to improve SAP compliance with guidelines in order to decrease antimicrobial resistance given their possible efficacy in reducing SSIs and promoting more prudent use of antimicrobials.