Dandona R, Kumar GA, Henry NJ, et al. - In this investigation, researchers present a thorough review of subnational child mortality patterns to inform efforts to reach the targets for child mortality of India National Health Policy and Sustainable Development Goal. From 2000 to 2017, they evaluated the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in 5 × 5 km grids across India, and for the districts and states of India, using all available data from various sources including subnational geographic information surveys. In India, U5MR decreased from 83·1 in 2000 to 42·4 per 1,000 live births in 2017 and NMR decreased from 38·0 to 23·5 per 1,000 live births. India has increased child survival, but there are significant variations between states in the magnitude and rate of mortality decline, and even higher variations between districts of India. Inequality between districts within states has increased in the majority of states. The district-level trends presented here can provide crucial guidance for the targeted attempts required in India to minimize child mortality in order to meet the Indian and global child survival targets. District-level mortality trends along with the state-level trends in the causes of under-5 and neonatal deaths and the risk factors set out in this Article provide a comprehensive reference for further planning for the reduction of child mortality in India.