Lindquester WS, et al. - For this research, the physicians compared long-term clinical effectiveness before and after implementation of a structured protocol for percutaneous drainage of benign anastomotic biliary strictures. Regardless of the presence of a structured protocol, percutaneous drainage and management of benign biliary anastomotic strictures was an effective treatment. The time until surgical revision and patency rates were increased with the protocol, even though there was no significant benefit in terms of avoidance of surgical revision. A larger maximum drain size was also correlated with a better outcome.