Potpara TS, Simovic S, Pavlovic N, et al. - Researchers evaluated the use of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) amongst elderly atrial fibrillation (AF) individuals in clinical practice in the Balkan region. They designed a 12-week prospective snapshot survey (2014- 2015) of consecutive non-valvular AF individuals in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia between 2014 and 2015. A sum of 2,671 individuals were included in this study. They collected data via an electronic case report form. The elderly had a higher mean CHA2DS2-VASc score and more often a HAS-BLED score of ≥ 3, but were less likely to receive OAC when compared with younger individuals. No significant correlation was found between OAC use and mean CHA2DS2-VASc or HAS-BLED score in the elderly. Elderly AF individual were less likely to receive the guideline-adherent treatment notwithstanding their less favorable risk profile. Factors other than patients’ risk profile could affect the implementation of guideline-adherent treatment for thromboprophylaxis in the elderly AF individuals since OAC non-use among the elderly was not associated with increased HAS-BLED score.