Polachek A, et al. - Authors aimed to assess the presence of autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated synthetic peptides (ACPAs) in the sputum of subjects having long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Following characteristics were seen in the patients with RA: Mean disease duration of 12 years, Disease Activity Score for 28 joints of 3.44, and Sharp-van der Heijde score of 57.5. They noted a positive association between sputum ACPAs and age, serum ACPAs, sputum anti-norleucine-containing (NorP), serum anti-citrullinated (CitP)/NorP reactivity ratio, and the proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the sputum. As per the data, in the sputum of RA patients, anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies could be detected and were associated with the presence in the serum.