Reitsma MB, Kendrick PJ, Ababneh E, et al. - This study was undertaken to calculate the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. Multiple smoking-related indicators were moduled from 3,625 nationally representative surveys. Researchers applied a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. The annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades in the absence of intervention. The study found substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. For the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens, countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions.