Lin S, Jiang L, Zhang Y, et al. - Via performing a population-based, case–control study, researchers herein investigated the correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency of women of childbearing age in rural northern China. Among a total of 1,151 non-pregnant healthy women (aged between 18 and 40 years), median serum 25(OH)D level of 20.90  ng/mL was observed; vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency and severe deficiency were prevalent among 20.16%, 31.80% and 15.99%, respectively. Findings revealed association of lower SES with higher risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in women of childbearing age in rural northern China. They emphasize performing further studies to determine potential mechanisms and to narrow down SES inequalities in vitamin D status.