Karlsson O, et al. - Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 298,955 children 0–60 months old from the National Family Health Surveys, to determine sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India. For this purpose, researchers used logistic regression models as well as Cox proportional hazards models. Greater neonatal mortality was reported for boys vs girls, with an increment in the difference between 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. In India, significant gender-specific and wealth-specific differences in under-5 death were masked due to not discriminating between neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality. By combating neonatal mortality, particularly at low levels of wealth, may result in substantial gains towards the Sustainable Development Goals. As far as attenuation of the female disadvantage in postneonatal and child mortality was concerned, impressive improvements have been made. However, the elimination of the gender gap—particularly in poor households and in north India-requires concerted engagements.