Chenciner L, Annerstedt KS, Pescarini JM, et al. - Treatment success rates in this national cohort of young people with tuberculosis in Brazil were lower than WHO End TB Strategy targets, with nearly a fifth of individuals reporting unfavorable treatment outcomes.

• The primary factors associated with a negative result were homelessness, HIV, and illicit drug use.

• In Brazil, efforts are needed to support this underserved group in order to achieve positive tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

• Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, people aged 10 to 24 years (young people) with tuberculosis registered in Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), were involved.

• SINAN was notified of 67,360 young persons with tuberculosis, and 41,870 were included in the study.

• Unfavorable treatment outcomes were experienced by 7,024 (17%) of the 41,870 persons involved in the study.

• Young people who received government cash transfers had a lower risk of having a negative outcome.