Dusingize JC, et al. - Researchers examined relationships between smoking and melanoma in a cohort study purpose-designed to analyze skin cancer outcomes. For this investigation, participants with no prior history of melanoma (n=38,697) completed a risk factor survey at baseline (2011). Complex relationships between smoking and melanoma were observed, with some findings suggesting that former smokers had lower risks than never or current smokers. Although surveillance bias or biological effects cannot be excluded entirely, the apparent inverse association among former smokers could be due to residual confounding.