Malki N, et al. - Via a population-based cohort study based on Swedish national registers, the researchers assessed the differences in short-term and long-term case-fatality rates (CFRs) for myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke (IS) through socioeconomic position (SEP) and sex between the periods 1990–1994 to 2005–2009 for the entire Swedish population. Between the study periods, overall short-term CFR for both MI and IS declined. Differences in short-term and long-term CFR among the least and most favorable SEP groups were found out as usually stable, except in long-term CFR among women, for MI and intermediate SEP groups were seen mostly enduring to catch up with the most favorable SEP group. In comparison with the most favorable group, short-term CFR difference (CFRD) commonly declined, for IS, however, except for an elevation for older subjects, long-term CFRD were mostly stable. Hence, across all SEP groups, regardless of a general reduction in CFR for MI and IS and both sexes, as well as some reductions in CFRD, constant and even increasing CFRD, was discovered among the least advantaged SEP groups, older patients and women. Moreover, in order to diminish these inequalities, targeted prevention was concluded to have the potential rather than treatment strategies.