Petraitiene I, et al. - Adolescent girls born small for gestational age (SGA) who had experienced catch-up growth were compared with girls born at a size appropriate for gestational age (AGA) regarding their sex hormone concentrations, and uterine and ovarian volumes. In addition, an investigation was performed assessing the association between these parameters and glucose metabolism, perinatal factors and early growth. In this longitudinal, observational study from birth until adolescence, 55 girls (20 SGA, 35 AGA) were followed. Relative to AGA-born girls, SGA-born girls exhibited smaller uterine and ovarian volumes. Further, sex hormone-binding globulin levels were lower and testosterone levels, free androgen index, and glycemia 2-h post glucose load were higher in SGA girls vs AGA-born girls. Findings thereby suggest that SGA-born girls who experienced catch-up growth remain at risk of biochemical hyperandrogenism in adolescence, and have decreased uterine and ovarian volumes; these features may influence future reproductive function in this population. Early growth and subcutaneous fat deposition may influence ovarian size and androgen levels in adolescence.