Kauppila JH, et al. - Authors clarified if sex influences the prognosis following esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. For any of the mortality outcomes, no sex differences were found for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, a better prognosis is expected in women who undergo esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared to men, especially those with early tumor stages, whereas no sex differences in prognosis were found for esophageal adenocarcinoma.