Zhang H, Cao X, Xin H, et al. - Researchers sought the potential serum cytokines linked with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment that might predict active disease development in a Chinese population. They investigated the dynamic changes of serum cytokines determined by bead-based multiplex assays for the participants who developed active TB during follow-up and age and gender matched controls stayed healthy based on a randomized controlled trial examining short-course regimens for LTBI treatment. In this study, they performed assessment of 21 patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB) during the 2-year follow-up (12 from treated groups and 9 from untreated controls) and 42 age and gender matched healthy controls (24 from treated groups and 18 from untreated controls). Findings suggest association of declined serum level of IL-1ra with LTBI treatment indicating its possible utility in predicting disease progression. This work provided a clue for determining prognosis biomarkers to estimate the performance of LTBI treatment