Norrman E, et al. - Researchers investigated the school performance of children conceived after ICSI vs children born after IVF. All singleton children born after ICSI (n = 6953), IVF (n = 11 713) or spontaneous conception (SC) (n = 2,022,995), in Sweden between 1985 and 2006, were assessed in this nationwide, register-based cohort study. For assessing characteristics and medical outcomes, they identified singleton children born after ICSI in national IVF registers, cross-linked them with the Medical Birth Register (MBR), the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Via cross-linking to the National School Registry and to Statistics Sweden, they obtained data on school performance, parental education and other parental characteristics. The national IVF registries were searched for the main control group, which consisted of children born after IVF, while they identified the second control group, consisting of children born after SC, from the MBR. The analysis revealed similar school performance of children born after ICSI vs children born after IVF. In the third grade, they realized a significantly lower chance of passing all of the subtests in Mathematics and Swedish among children born after ICSI vs children born after SC. On cross-linking children with missing data on school performances (2.1% for ICSI, 2.0% for IVF and 2.3% for SC) with the Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Register for cerebral palsy, they identified 2.7% of ICSI children, 5.7% of IVF children and 1.7% of SC children without registered education. Cross-linking of children with missing data on school performances with the NPR for mental retardation revealed registration of 29.9% of ICSI children, 32.6% of IVF children and 35.0% of SC children with missing data under such a diagnosis.