Cyrus K, Wang Q, Sharawi Z, et al. - Researchers investigated if there is any contribution of overexpression of calcium channels to the hormone independent and resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells. They also inquired if hormone independence and resistance can be reversed by clinically used calcium channel blockers. According to findings, not only overexpression of calcium channels was exhibited by hormone independent and resistant cells but also such cells had high levels of intracellular calcium, overexpressed estrogen responsive genes, and, as thought, grew in the absence of estradiol. The consequences of treatment with calcium channel blockers included reduction in the concentration of intracellular calcium as well as in the expression of estrogen responsive genes and cell growth. Notably, combination of a calcium channel blocker with an antiestrogen reversed resistance to the antiestrogen in hormone resistant cells.