Branch KR, Probstfield JL, Eikelboom JW, et al. - Researchers determined the impacts of rivaroxaban, with or without aspirin, on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease and history of heart failure (HF) in the COMPASS trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies). A total of 27,395 patients with chronic coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease were randomly allocated to rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg daily, rivaroxaban 5 mg twice daily alone, or aspirin 100 mg alone. Cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction were assessed as primary major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding using modified International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria was evaluated as the primary safety outcome. Combination rivaroxaban and aspirin vs aspirin alone resulted in comparable relative but larger absolute benefits in patients with chronic coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease and a history of mild or moderate HF vs in those without HF.