Ayan G, et al. - This study involved assessment of rituximab (RTX) as a treatment option for patients with refractory anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and retrospective review of non-randomized studies on RTX in AAV patients. Concerning the efficacy and safety of RTX in refractory AAV, the findings of this investigation were in line with the literature. The systematic review underlined many uncertainties on its optimal use.