Alberts M, et al. - Researchers compared rivaroxaban and warfarin for stroke and all-cause mortality risk reduction in a real-world setting. From the Optum Clinformatics Database (2011–2017), they extracted data from patients who started treatment with rivaroxaban or warfarin within 30 days following initial diagnosis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Before nonvalvular atrial fibrillation diagnosis, patients reported 6 months of continuous health plan enrollment and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. During a mean follow-up of 27 months, stroke occurred in 175 (1.33/100 patient-years [PY]) rivaroxaban-treated and 536 (1.66/100 PY) warfarin-treated patients. Observations revealed significant risk reduction for stroke, especially severe stroke, and all-cause mortality after a stroke among patients treated with rivaroxaban vs warfarin after the initial diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. These findings may assist in anticoagulant selection for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.