Allodji RS, et al. - Using a large-scale pan-European (PanCareSurFup) cohort, researchers examined the risk of subsequent primary leukaemias (SPLs) in five-year childhood cancer survivors and assessed variations in the risk by cancer and demographic factors. The study sample consisted of 69,460 five-year childhood cancer survivors from 12 European countries. Childhood cancer survivors had a fourfold increased risk of developing leukaemia compared to the general population, and 8 leukaemias per 100,000 person-years exceeded that expected. The results obtained from this largest-ever assembled cohort indicate that survivors experience an increased risk for SPLs compared to that expected from the general population beyond 20 years after a childhood cancer diagnosis. The results show the need for survivors and their health care providers to be aware of prospective SPL danger.