Maeda T, Nishi T, Funakoshi S, et al. - Utilizing health check and insurance claims data, researchers sought to clarify the impacts of gender on the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The sample consisted of people in Japan (n = 9,733; 7,079 men) aged < 75 years from 2005 to 2017; they identified AF patients not on anticoagulation therapy. One hundred forty-three ischemic stroke events occurred during a mean 2.5-year follow-up period. The risk of ischemic stroke among those aged < 75 years was similar between women and men in this large-scale, real-world study of patients with AF. Such results are consistent with existing guidelines that do not recommend anticoagulant therapy for women with no other risk factors (CHA2DS2-VaSc score of 1).