Melliez H, et al. - Researchers sought for risk factors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) via studying HIV-1–infected individuals aged ≥15 years who had no history of PML and were prospectively followed up between 1997 and 2011 in the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4) cohort. Findings revealed recent cART initiation, injection drug use, and hepatitis C virus seropositivity to be associated with an increased risk of PML. They identified no protective effect of sub-Saharan African origin.