Akino K, Nagai N, Watanabe K, et al. - Given that pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is widely performed in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) to improve vision, researchers analyzed the data of patients who did not have visual field defects (VFDs) before surgery to determine the incidence of postoperative VFDs recorded by standard automated perimetry and the change in retinal neural thickness in each layer to investigate the pathogenesis of the VFDs. In addition, the impact of ILM peeling on the VFDs and neural thickness was assessed. Data of 30 eyes (30 patients; mean age, 66.1 years; 15 men) who underwent PPV for iERM during February 2016–June 2019 and had preoperative and postoperative visual field measurements utilizing standard automated perimetry (Humphrey visual field analyser 30-2 program) have been retrospectively analyzed. Findings suggested that ILM peeling can cause inner retinal degeneration and lead to the development of VFDs after PPV, which should be further investigated.