Saraswat L, Ayansina D, Cooper KG, et al. - Utilizing Scottish national population-based data, a retrospective cohort study was performed to explore the risk of melanoma in women with endometriosis. The sample consisted of 281,937 women with nearly 5 million person years (4,923,628) of follow up from 1981 to 2010. Compared to those without endometriosis, a diagnosis of endometriosis has been associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Such results illustrate the need for more study in the pathogenesis of the two conditions to investigate shared pathways. It is important to note that the absolute increase in the risk of melanoma remains low in women with endometriosis, which should be taken into consideration when advising women.