Commons RJ, et al. - In this systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers sought the risk of P vivax parasitaemia after treatment of Plasmodium falciparum with commonly used antimalarial drugs to estimate the potential benefits of radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria in co-endemic regions. They included 153 of 891 screened studies including 31,262 patients from 323 site-specific treatment groups: 130 (85%) studies were from the Asia-Pacific region, 16 (10%) from the Americas, and seven (5%) from Africa. Findings revealed that risk of vivax parasitaemia is high after treatment of falciparum malaria, particularly in areas with short relapse periodicity and after rapidly eliminated treatment. In co-endemic regions, recurrent malaria could substantially be reduced by universal radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria.