Chen D-Y et al. -In the current study, whether or not cardiovascular risk differs between patients with prostate cancer who receive androgen-deprivation therapy by surgical castration and patients with prostate cancer who receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy.= was determined. It was shown that compared with bilateral orchiectomy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy did not increase the risk of cardiovascular ischemic events in patients with prostate cancer. Importantly, orchiectomy was shown to be associated with cardiovascular ischemic events in older patients and patients with a history of cardiovascular co-morbidities within 1.5 years of initiating androgen-deprivation therapy.