Teleka S, et al. - Researchers conducted this study to determine sex-specific associations of body mass index (BMI), mid-blood pressure (BP; [systolic + diastolic]/2) level, plasma glucose level, triglyceride level, total cholesterol level with risk of bladder cancer (BC) overall, non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC), and muscle invasive BC (MIBC) among 811,633 participants in 6 European cohorts. In addition, they evaluated additive interactions between metabolic factors and smoking on BC risk among men. They found that metabolic aberrations were involved in BC risk, and the significance of some associations was evident only in certain sub-groups. Among men, for example, triglyceride and BP levels were positively related to BC risk overall; BMI, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively related to NMIBC; and BP levels were positively related to MBIC. In women, glucose levels were positively associated with MIBC. With the exception of cholesterol, HRs for metabolic factors did not significantly differ between MIBC and NMIBC, and there were no interactions between smoking and metabolic factors on BC.