Canova C, et al. - In this population-based study, researchers evaluated the risk of hospitalization in a cohort of young people with celiac disease (CD) compared to matched references for bacterial pneumonia or pneumococcal infections. The cohort is composed of 213,635 people, born in 1989-2012 and living in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). One thousand, two hundred ninety-four CD patients and 6,470 reference individuals matched by gender and birth year through pathology reports, hospital discharge records or co-payment exemptions were identified. The first episode of bacterial pneumonia was experienced by 14 CD patients (9,450 person-years) and 42 references (48,335 person-years), with increased risk among CD patients. According to findings, children and youth with CD showed an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia, particularly in the vicinity of CD diagnosis. Risks of pneumococcal infection in patients with CD showed a non-significant increase. All young patients with CD should be recommended for anti-pneumococcal vaccination.