Wang Y, et al. - Authors determined 703 candidates including 224 males and 479 females to study the prevalence and risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) following posterior instrumentation and fusion (PIF) in non-degenerative scoliosis cases. They observed the following diagnoses: congenital scoliosis (40.8%), idiopathic scoliosis (40.0%), neuromuscular scoliosis (14.7%) and syndromic scoliosis (4.5%). They also noted manifestation of PPC in 82 cases including pleural effusion (39), pneumonia (33), pneumothorax (3), respiratory failure (3), hemothorax (2), pulmonary edema (1) and pulmonary embolism (1). Revision surgery, preoperative respiratory disease, preoperative Cobb angle of the main curve > 75° and thoracoplasty were the risk factors for PPC subsequent to PIF in subjects with non-degenerative scoliosis.